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- <text>
- <title>
- (1980) Why The Iran Rescue Failed
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
- </history>
- <link 07639>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- September 1, 1980
- NATION
- Why the Iran Rescue Failed
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Report finds flaws, such as too few choppers, but no neglect
- </p>
- <p> Ever since Americans awoke last April 25 to the shock of a
- rescue mission turned to ashes in the Iranian desert, they have
- demanded to know more about that failed attempt: Had the
- Soviets found out, forcing the President to call it off? Why
- were there not more helicopters? Was the whole operation too
- risky?
- </p>
- <p> Pentagon officials had questions too, and so they commissioned
- two studies, one a classified internal report by the men who had
- planned and participated in the mission, the other a no-holds-
- barred assessment by an interservice team of five generals, some
- retired, some active, headed by former Chief of Naval Operations
- Admiral James L. Holloway III. The Holloway group's 64-page
- report, released at week's end, dismisses all thought that the
- mission was aborted for any reason but the lack of six
- helicopters, the acceptable minimum, in which to go on from
- Desert One, the refueling rendezvous.
- </p>
- <p> Presenting his report in the Pentagon's briefing studio,
- Holloway said that the plan adopted had "the best chance of
- success under the circumstances, and the decision to execute it
- was justified." He added: "We encountered not a shred of evidence
- of culpable neglect or incompetence."
- </p>
- <p> The Holloway group did, however, find several faults. The
- number of helicopters was kept to eight to reduce the risk of
- discovery. But the brass concluded that it would have been
- prudent to have used at least ten choppers. They also
- criticized the selection of Navy and Marine Corps crewmen who
- were familiar with the RH-53 aircraft but not with the kind of
- tough, assault flying they had to do.
- </p>
- <p> The dust clouds that broke up the pilots' formation and forced
- one of them to turn back came as a surprise. The crews might
- have been able to handle the dust had they known about it, but
- security had kept the pilots from meeting their weather
- forecasters. Strict radio silence had kept them from learning
- that, despite the dust en route, the air was clear at Desert
- One. Later, the pilot who had aborted said he would have gone
- on had he known that.
- </p>
- <p> The report also describes the scene at Desert One, even before
- the crash of an RH-53 into a C-130 transport plane, as one of
- confusion. The reason: lack of precise operating procedures,
- because there never had been a full dress rehearsal. The main
- reason for that, again, was the planners' understandable but
- overdrawn concern for security.
- </p>
- <p> Secrecy also precluded any review of the mission by outside
- specialists. Moreover, the final plan was never committed to
- paper so that the Joint Chiefs could study it. Either or both
- of these steps says the report, "would probably have contributed
- to a more thoroughly tested and carefully evaluated final plan."
- </p>
- <p> TIME's Pentagon correspondent Don Sider has also learned of
- an additional oversight, not mentioned in the Holloway report.
- Sider reports that two C-141 Medevac planes were standing by at
- Saudi Arabia's Dhahran Air Base with twelve doctors on board to
- treat casualties from the team that was to have assaulted the
- embassy and the foreign ministry in Tehran. But no one had
- reckoned on the crash at Desert One that took eight lives and
- left four others badly burned. Incredibly, the Medevac planes
- were equipped for every emergency but burns.
- </p>
- <p> "No one action or lace of action caused the operation to
- fail," concluded Admiral Holloway. But fail it did, at the cost
- of those eight lives, seven RH-53 helicopters, one C-130
- transport and $25 million in expenses. Even Holloway--like
- most of those who first learned of the rescue effort after it had
- already failed--was heartened that, as his report said,
- "America had the courage to try."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-